Facebook acquires feature phone app maker Snaptu

Facebook has agreed to acquire Snaptu, an Israeli startup that makes Java-based feature phone apps, for an estimated $70 million. The acquisition, for which neither company would reveal financial details, is expected to close within a few weeks.

Earlier this year, Facebook worked with the mobile development firm to build a feature phone app that is accessible free of data charges in various overseas markets. The company says the Facebook for Feature Phones app currently works on more than 2,500 devices.

Snaptu was founded four years ago in London, with offices in Tel Aviv and Silicon Valley. The company raised venture capital funding from Carmel Ventures and Sequoia Capital.

“Our goal when we founded Snaptu in 2007 was to provide useful and innovative services to the 95 percent of mobile users that don’t have access to advanced smartphones,” a Snaptu spokesperson said in a statement. “We soon decided that working as part of the Facebook team offered the best opportunity to keep accelerating the pace of our product development. And joining Facebook means we can make an even bigger impact on the world. We’ll have more updates on Snaptu soon, and we’ll be working hard to offer a richer and more advanced Facebook app on virtually every mobile phone. During this transition period, we expect Snaptu will continue to operate as it does today. We’d like to thank everyone involved in the development of Snaptu, especially our millions of loyal users. We can’t wait to get started at Facebook.”

“As part of our goal to offer people around the world the opportunity to connect and share on mobile devices, we’re excited to confirm that we recently signed an agreement to acquire Snaptu,” a Facebook spokesperson said in a statement. “We expect the acquisition to close in a few weeks, subject to customary closing conditions. Snaptu is a startup run by a highly innovative collection of engineers and entrepreneurs, who we already work closely with to offer a Facebook mobile application for feature phones. As part of Facebook, Snaptu’s team and technology will enable us to deliver an even better Facebook mobile experience on feature phones more quickly.”

Misery and Woe - Why Viruses and Spyware Cost People Thousands More Than They Should

A couple weeks ago I was at a party with some friends, we were watching the Super Bowl and kicking back, relaxing and enjoying ourselves. At one point the conversation turned to my friend's new computer. His new new computer. A little under a year ago he had bought a very nice HP Pavilion Laptop, and had been very happy with it. I, being a bit of a spendthrift, inquired what happened to the old laptop, and he told me that it had contracted a virus and stopped working. Rather than fix the problem, which would've taken him time that he didn't exactly have, he had decided to just get a new one.
He, like many people now, believed that once a virus had infiltrated his system, getting past his expensive and powerful anti-virus programs, that there was no easy way to get rid of it. I decided to take a look at it for free, to help a friend out, and he gladly handed it over for me to play with.
Within two minutes of looking at the computer, I knew exactly what needed to be done. There are these wonderful programs nowadays called "malware removers" and they do exactly that. Any viruses, spyware, ect that your computer contracts can be defeated quickly and simply by a good malware remover software. Because his computer wasn't able to go online (due to the virus) I downloaded a malware remover to my USB Flash Drive, transferred it, and installed (actually, to be honest, the virus he had was a fairly nasty one, because I did have to write a program to auto-launch the installer, but that's easy to do, and instructions can be Googled very easily). The malware remover deleted five viruses in all and had his computer up and running again in just over ten minutes.

This is just an example of how effective a malware remover can be. A computer that was so terribly messed up that it couldn't even open an internet browser was repaired in ten minutes, and without a single dollar spent. Even if your computer isn't messed up to the extent his is, it might still be a good idea to go ahead and download a free malware remover (my personal preference is MalwareBytes, which you can find by Googling), just to scan and make sure that your computer doesn't have any latent spyware. It could save you from identity theft, repair a virus ridden computer, or even just give you the peace of mind that you're not infected.
Getting a malware remover won't cost anything, and it can save you from a world of headache.

New Trojan Threatens Mac Users

Traditionally, Mac PC users have been more secured from any Trojan virus or malicious software threat than the typical Microsoft Windows-based PC users. The reason has been the obvious difference between their nature of make and mechanism. Mac PCs work on Unix-based programming language while the Windows operating systems (OS) work on DOS. However, the security of Mac PCs seems to be at stake as a new variant of Trojan, which usually targets Windows-based PCs, has surfaced out of the blue to attack them thwarting Apple's old and highly popular tagline "I'm a Mac, I'm a PC".
The new Trojan is a version of darkComet, a well-established Windows-based remote access Trojan (RAT). The Trojan is called as BlackHole RAT or malware OSX/MusMinim-A (MusMinim). BlackHole RAT launches a full-screen window that bears a somewhat funny text message. See below
"I am a Trojan Horse, so i have infected your Mac Computer. I know, most people think Macs can't be Infected, but look, you ARE infected! I have full controll over your Computer and i can do everything I want, and you can do nothing to prevent it. So, I'm a very new Virus, under Development, so there will be much more functions when I'm finished"


Besides the above message, the full-screen window bears just a 'Reboot' button for a user to click and proceed. The message is surely intended to defame Apple's famous and long-running advertisement line and affect its increasing share in the OS market.
Reported by SophosLabs first,BlackHole RAT looks like a blend of English and German user interface version.


How dangerous is BlackHole RAT?
Despite being in the early development stage, BlackHole RAT can shoot random shell commands; place text documents on the desktop; give URLs access to a remote client to browse websites; open a false Administrator Password window for scam purposes; and send shutdown, restart, and sleep commands among others.
BlackHole RAT and other such Trojans are usually spread via torrent websites and pirated software downloads. So one, should be quite careful about not to run pirated software versions and explore unreliable websites.
BlackHole RAT is removable with Mac's updated antivirus software and does not seem to cause major problems if taken care of in time. However, it necessarily opens the platform for discussion that no OS mechanism is resistant to virus or malware threats. The new Trojan may diminish Macs' popularity; however, they still hold an edge over Windows-based OS at least in terms of security.
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steam.exe file information

The process Steam

belongs to the software Steam or Steam(TM) or Doom or steam.exe or steam.exe" -silent or PacSteam or Deus Ex: Game of the Year or Enemy Territory: QUAKE Warsor Source Dedicated Server or Half-Life or Counter-Strike: Source or Team Fortress Classic or Garry's Mod or Audiosurf Demo or TrackMania Nations Forever orSource SDK or RedOrchestra SDK Beta or Red Orchestra or Killing Floor or Dragon Age: Origins or S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of or Call of Duty: Modern Warfare orAssassin's Creed or Universe at War: Earth Assault or Empire: Total War or Portal

by Valve Corporation (www.valvesoftware.com).

Description: File steam.exe is located in a subfolder of "C:\Program Files" or sometimes in a subfolder of C:\ (mostly C:\Program Files\Valve\Steam\). Known file sizes on Windows XP are 1,249,280 bytes (47% of all occurrence), 1,269,760 bytes, 1,258,744 bytes, 1,271,032 bytes, 1,410,296 bytes, 1,266,936 bytes, 1,238,352 bytes, 1,259,000 bytes, 1,217,808 bytes, 1,217,784 bytes, 1,217,872 bytes, 1,241,088 bytes, 69,632 bytes, 36,953 bytes, 958,464 bytes, 24,076 bytes, 37,124 bytes.
The program has a visible window. There is no file information. steam.exe is not a Windows core file. The application starts when Windows starts (see Registry key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices, HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders,HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run). The process listens for or sends data on open ports to LAN or Internet. steam.exe is able to record inputs, monitor applications. Therefore the technical security rating is20% dangerous, however also read the users reviews.

External information from Paul Collins:
There are different files with the same name:

• "Steam" is not required to run at start up. Valve Software's STEAM broadband game client. Steam is Valve's new way of getting games into your hands ASAP. Games like Half-Life, Counter-Strike, and Counter-Strike: Condition Zero are all being made available through Steam. Steam games are automatically kept up-to-date with the latest content and revisions. Steam also includes an instant-message client which even works while you're in-game
• "Winlogin.exe" definitely not required. Added by a variant of the AGENT.AH TROJAN!

Important: Some malware camouflage themselves as steam.exe, particularly if they are located in c:\windows or c:\windows\system32 folder. Thus check the steam.exe process on your pc whether it is pest. We recommend Security Task Manager for verifying your computer's security. It is one of the Top Download Picks of 2005 of The Washington Post and PC World.

Solution to Error 646

In this article we will discuss the cause of error 646 that may occur while installing updates on a Windows computer and its solution.

Issue

When installing new updates on your Microsoft Windows Vista computer, you may receive the error code 646, stating –

“Windows has encountered an unknown problem”

and is unable to install updates.

Cause of the Error

Generally, the above error occurs when the Windows Update agent file Wups2.dll is incorrectly registered in the Windows registry. Update installation fails because the registry files that correspond to the wups2.dll are missing.

Resolution Methods

To resolve error 646, manually register the Windows Update files. If you still are not able to install updates, then download and install the Windows Update agent.

Method 1: Manually register the Windows Update files

Warning: The registry is a critical component of Windows operating systems. Perform the following steps carefully and as they are shown. Incorrectly modifying the registry may cause serious damage to your computer. As a precaution, always make a registry backup before altering its content. This will allow you to restore the registry to its last working state in case any complications arise. You may back up the registry manually or use an advanced registry cleaning tool, such asRegGenie for this purpose.

To manually register the Windows Update files, perform the following steps:

1. Click the Start menu and then in the Start Search box typenotepad.
2. Next, click Notepad.
3. Now, copy and paste the text mentioned below in the opened Notepad window:
   regsvr32 wups2.dll /s
   regsvr32 wups.dll /s
   regsvr32 wuaueng.dll /s
   regsvr32 wuapi.dll /s
   regsvr32 wucltux.dll /s
   regsvr32 wuwebv.dll /s
   regsvr32 jscript.dll /s
   regsvr32 msxml3.dll /s
4. Next, click on the File menu and click Save As.
5. Select All Files from the Save as type drop-down menu.
6. In the File name box, type register.bat.
7. Select Desktop from the Save in drop-down list.
8. Click the Save button.
9. Next, right-click the register.bat on your desktop and click Run as administrator.
10. Type the administrator password when prompted.

After you have successfully registered the Windows Update files, try to install updates. If you receive the error, proceed to the next section.

Method 2: Install the Windows Update Agent

The Windows Update agent allows you to manage which updates will be installed on your Windows computer. The Windows Update agent and the Windows Update Web site work together to provide the latest updates to your Windows computer.

To install the latest version of the Windows Update Agent, visit theMicrosoft update website.

Hide Drives and Partitions in Windows :

Do you have data on a partition or hard drive that you don't want tampered with or easily accessible to other users? Well, you can hide any drive/partition in Windows XP, Vista, and 7. That means that they won't show up in Explorer or My Computer.
If you want access to that drive from your user account you should create a desktop shortcut before proceeding. Once hidden, you can still access by typing the drive letter and a colon in Start/Run—for example, "D:" will bring up a folder of the contents on your D drive.


The easiest way with Win XP is to use the TweakUI power toy from Mcft. Go to Start/Run and type in "tweakui" (without the quotes).
Go to My Computer/Drives and uncheck the drive/partition(s) you want hidden. Click "Apply" or "OK" when finished.


For Win 2000,XP,Vista and 7 you can use the following Registry edit:
Be sure to back up the Registry before proceeding
Open the Registry Editor by going to Start/Run and typing in "regedit" (without the quotes). Find your way to...


HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Mcft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies


Click on "Explorer".


Double-click the "NoDrives" key in the right column. If you don't find a "NoDrives" registry key, just right-click in the right pane and choose "New/DWORD Value" then name the key "NoDrives".


You'll see a value like "0000 00 00 00 00". This is where the fun starts. The four sets of double zeros (after the "0000") are where you'll enter the values for the drive/partitions. Now, stay with me on this—it's not as complicated as it sounds:
The first column is for drives A-H, the second for I-P, the third for Q-X, and the fourth for Y-Z.


The values for each drive are as follows:
1 - A I Q Y
2 - B J R Z
4 - C K S
8 - D L T
16 - E M U
32 - F N V
64 - G O W
80 - H P X
So, let's say you want to hide drive D. In the first column you would put "08". For drive K you would put "04" in the second column.
But what if you want to hide more than one drive in a column? Simply add the values together: D+E = 8+16 = 24. So in the first column you would put "24".
Still baffled? If you have XP then go get TweakUI and save yourself the math.


Whichever method you use, you can rest easy knowing that the files on that drive or partition are less accessible to other users.

What Is DirectX : DirectX Explained

 Ever wondered just what that enigmatic name means?


Gaming and multimedia applications are some of the most satisfying programs you can get for your PC, but getting them to run properly isn’t always as easy as it could be. First, the PC architecture was never designed as a gaming platform. Second, the wide-ranging nature of the PC means that one person’s machine can be different from another. While games consoles all contain the same hardware, PCs don’t: the massive range of difference can make gaming a headache.


To alleviate as much of the pain as possible, Microsoft needed to introduce a common standard which all games and multimedia applications could follow – a common interface between the OS and whatever hardware is installed in the PC, if you like. This common interface is DirectX, something which can be the source of much confusion.


DirectX is an interface designed to make certain programming tasks much easier, for both the game developer and the rest of us who just want to sit down and play the latest blockbuster. Before we can explain what DirectX is and how it works though, we need a little history lesson.


DirectX history
Any game needs to perform certain tasks again and again. It needs to watch for your input from mouse, joystick or keyboard, and it needs to be able to display screen images and play sounds or music. That’s pretty much any game at the most simplistic level.


Imagine how incredibly complex this was for programmers developing on the early pre-Windows PC architecture, then. Each programmer needed to develop their own way of reading the keyboard or detecting whether a joystick was even attached, let alone being used to play the game. Specific routines were needed even to display the simplest of images on the screen or play a simple sound.


Essentially, the game programmers were talking directly to your PC’s hardware at a fundamental level. When Microsoft introduced Windows, it was imperative for the stability and success of the PC platform that things were made easier for both the developer and the player. After all, who would bother writing games for a machine when they had to reinvent the wheel every time they began work on a new game? Microsoft’s idea was simple: stop programmers talking directly to the hardware, and build a common toolkit which they could use instead. DirectX was born.


How it works
At the most basic level, DirectX is an interface between the hardware in your PC and Windows itself, part of the Windows API or Application Programming Interface. Let’s look at a practical example. When a game developer wants to play a sound file, it’s simply a case of using the correct library function. When the game runs, this calls the DirectX API, which in turn plays the sound file. The developer doesn’t need to know what type of sound card he’s dealing with, what it’s capable of, or how to talk to it. Microsoft has provided DirectX, and the sound card manufacturer has provided a DirectX-capable driver. He asks for the sound to be played, and it is – whichever machine it runs on.


From our point of view as gamers, DirectX also makes things incredibly easy – at least in theory. You install a new sound card in place of your old one, and it comes with a DirectX driver. Next time you play your favourite game you can still hear sounds and music, and you haven’t had to make any complex configuration changes.


Originally, DirectX began life as a simple toolkit: early hardware was limited and only the most basic graphical functions were required. As hardware and software has evolved in complexity, so has DirectX. It’s now much more than a graphical toolkit, and the term has come to encompass a massive selection of routines which deal with all sorts of hardware communication. For example, the DirectInput routines can deal with all sorts of input devices, from simple two-button mice to complex flight joysticks. Other parts include DirectSound for audio devices and DirectPlay provides a toolkit for online or multiplayer gaming.


DirectX versions
The current version of DirectX at time of writing is DirectX 11.0. This runs on all versions of Windows from Windows 98 up to and including Windows 7 along with every revision in between. It doesn’t run on Windows 95 though: if you have a machine with Windows 95 installed, you’re stuck with the older and less capable 8.0a. Windows NT 4 also requires a specific version – in this case, it’s DirectX 3.0a.


With so many versions of DirectX available over the years, it becomes difficult to keep track of which version you need. In all but the most rare cases, all versions of DirectX are backwardly compatible – games which say they require DirectX 9 will happily run with more recent versions, but not with older copies. Many current titles explicitly state that they require DirectX 10, and won’t run without the latest version installed. This is because they make use of new features introduced with this version, although it has been known for lazy developers to specify the very latest version as a requirement when the game in question doesn’t use any of the new enhancements. Generally speaking though, if a title is version locked like this, you will need to upgrade before you can play. Improvements to the core DirectX code mean you may even see improvements in many titles when you upgrade to the latest build of DirectX. Downloading and installing DirectX need not be complex, either.


Upgrading DirectX
All available versions of Windows come with DirectX in one form or another as a core system component which cannot be removed, so you should always have at least a basic implementation of the system installed on your PC. However, many new games require the very latest version before they work properly, or even at all.


Generally, the best place to install the latest version of DirectX from is the dedicated section of the Microsoft Web site, which is found at www.microsoft.com/windows/directx. As we went to press, the most recent build available for general download was DirectX 9.0b. You can download either a simple installer which will in turn download the components your system requires as it installs, or download the complete distribution package in one go for later offline installation.


Another good source for DirectX is games themselves. If a game requires a specific version, it’ll be on the installation CD and may even be installed automatically by the game’s installer itself. You won’t find it on magazine cover discs though, thanks to Microsoft’s licensing terms.


Diagnosing problems
Diagnosing problems with a DirectX installation can be problematic, especially if you don’t know which one of the many components is causing your newly purchased game to fall over. Thankfully, Microsoft provides a useful utility called the DirectX Diagnostic Tool, although this isn’t made obvious. You won’t find this tool in the Start Menu with any version of Windows, and each tends to install it in a different place.


The easiest way to use it is to open the Start Menu’s Run dialog, type in dxdiag and then click OK. When the application first loads, it takes a few seconds to interrogate your DirectX installation and find any problems. First, the DirectX Files tab displays version information on each one of the files your installation uses. The Notes section at the bottom is worth checking, as missing or corrupted files will be flagged here.


The tabs marked Display, Sound, Music, Input and Network all relate to specific areas of DirectX, and all but the Input tab provide tools to test the correct functioning on your hardware. Finally, the More Help tab provides a useful way to start the DirectX Troubleshooter, Microsoft’s simple linear problem solving tool for many common DirectX issues.

Create An Ftp Server On Your Pc With Serv-u

Requirements:
Serv-U
No-IP.com Website


Step 1. Getting a static IP address.
Get a static address for your FTP server. You will want to do this as opposed to using your IP address for several reasons. First, it’s easier keeping up-to-date. Imagine having to change all of your setting every time your IP changed. With No-IP, the No-IP service runs in background on your computer and updates your current IP address with your FTP server’s URL (for example, you get ftp://rkchoolie.serveftp.com). Second reason, you don’t want your IP address posted out there for everyone to see.


1. Go to www.No-IP.com to create a new user account.
2. Fill in the information that is required and the click Register button.
3. Your account has now been created and your account password has been emailed to you.
4. Check your email mailbox and wait for the mail that contains your password
5. Go back to www.No-IP.com and type your email address and password to login to your account.
6. Once in your account, click on Add a host in the left menu
7. Type in the Hostname you want (example: rkchoolie) and pick a Domain from the list (example: ftpserve.com)
8. Check Allow Wildcards and click the Submit button
9. You now have your static address (example: rkchoolie.serveftp.com)
10. Click on your OS link in the Dyn-Update Client in the bottom right menu and follow links to download the client
11. Once downloaded, install the software and type in your email address and password when asked.
12. Finally tick the checkbox near your static address.
You now have a static web address .


Step 2. Installing and setting the FTP server
1. Install Serv-U.
2. Start Serv-U and use the wizard to setup your ftp.
3. Click next until you're asked for an IP address, leave it blank and then click next.
4. Type the domain name you've just registered above (example: preacher.serveftp.com) in the domain name field and then click Next.
5. You are asked if you want to allow anonymous access, select No and then click next.
6. You are then asked to create a named account, check yes and then click next.
7. Type in the user name you wish for this account (example: Harrie) and click next.
8. Type a password for this account (example: $p3c1aL). For security reasons, try to create a password with some letters, numbers and special characters. Then click next.
9. You will then be asked for the Home directory of the account you just created. Select the directory and then click next.
10. Select yes to lock this account to the Home directory. You want to do this so that the user can not go any further up that his home directory. Click next.
11. The account is now set so click finish.


Step 3. Configuring user accounts
1. In the left tree-menu, select the account you've just created and then click on the General tab.
2. Check Hide ‘Hidden’ Files.
3. Check Allow only and enter the number one in the box.
4. Set the Max. download speed to what ever you want. If this is an account that many will be using, set it low to save on your bandwidth. I usually have mine set between 10 – 20. If you leave it blank, users will be able to download from you at full bandwidth.
5. Set the Max no. of users to how many you want to be able to log on at one time. This depends on your connection speed but try these (56 - 1, ISDN - 3, ADSL or cable - 5-6 users.)
6. Now, click on the Dir Access tab.
7. You should see the home folder in there. Highlight it and make your permissions.
8. If you only want users to be able to download check only Read, List, & Inherit.
9. If you want users to be able to upload, but to only one particular folder but not download, click the add button and then select that folder. Now highlight the folder and set these permissions on that folder. Check Write, Append, List, Create, & Inherit. Once you have made the permissions click on the up arrow that is located at the bottom right-hand corner. You want this special upload folder to be list first, before the home folder.
10. If there is a folder that you don’t want anyone to have access to, but it is inside the home folder, then click the add button and then select that folder. Now highlight the folder and make sure that all checkboxes are left. Once you have made the permissions click on the up arrow that is located at the bottom right-hand corner. You want this no access folder to be listed at the very top.
11. There are many other different sets of permissions you can play with. I just covered your basics.
12. Your server is now set!
13. Try logging on with the username and password and see if it works. 

All mIRC Commands

 /   Recalls the previous command entered in the current window.
/!   Recalls the last command typed in any window.
/action {action text} Sends the specifed action to the active channel or query window.
/add [-apuce] {filename.ini} Loads aliases, popups, users, commands, and events.
/ame {action text} Sends the specifed action to all channels which you are currently on.
/amsg {text} Sends the specifed message to all channels which you are currently on.
/auser {level} {nick|address} Adds a user with the specified access level to the remote  userslist.
/auto [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles auto-opping of a nick or address or sets it on or off
totally.
/away {away message} Sets you away leave a message explaining that you are not currently paying attention to IRC.
/away Sets you being back.
/ban [#channel] {nickname} [type] Bans the specified nick from the curent or given channel.
/beep {number} {delay} Locally beeps 'number' times with 'delay' in between the beeps. /channel Pops up the channel central window (only works in a channel).
/clear Clears the entire scrollback buffer of the current window.
/ctcp {nickname} {ping|finger|version|time|userinfo|clientinfo} Does the given ctcp request on nickname.
/closemsg {nickname} Closes the query window you have open to the specified nick.
/creq [ask | auto | ignore] Sets your DCC 'On Chat request' settings in DCC/Options.
/dcc send {nickname} {file1} {file2} {file3} ... {fileN} Sends the specified files to nick.
/dcc chat {nickname} Opens a dcc window and sends a dcc chat request to nickname.
/describe {#channel} {action text} Sends the specifed action to the specified channel   window.
/dde [-r] {service} {topic} {item} [data] Allows DDE control between mIRC and other applications.
/ddeserver [on [service name] | off] To turn on the DDE server mode, eventually with a given
service name.
/disable {#groupname} De-activates a group of commands or events.
/disconnect Forces a hard and immediate disconnect from your IRC server. Use it with care.
/dlevel {level} Changes the default user level in the remote section.
/dns {nickname | IP address | IP name} Uses your providers DNS to resolve an IP address.
/echo [nickname|#channel|status] {text} Displays the given text only to YOU on the given place in color N.
/enable {#groupname} Activates a group of commands or events.
/events [on|off] Shows the remote events status or sets it to listening or not.
/exit Forces mIRC to closedown and exit.
/finger Does a finger on a users address.
/flood [{numberoflines} {seconds} {pausetime}] Sets a crude flood control method.
/fsend [on|off] Shows fsends status and allows you to turn dcc fast send on or off.
/fserve {nickname} {maxgets} {homedirectory} [welcome text file] Opens a fileserver.
/guser {level} {nick} [type] Adds the user to the user list with the specified level and
address type.
/help {keyword} Brings up the Basic IRC Commands section in the mIRC help file.
/ignore [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles ignoring of a nick or address or sets it on or off
totally.
/invite {nickname} {#channel} Invites another user to a channel.
/join {#channel} Makes you join the specified channel.
/kick {#channel} {nickname} Kicks nickname off a given channel.
/list [#string] [-min #] [-max #] Lists all currently available channels, evt. filtering for
parameters.
/log [on|off] Shows the logging status or sets it on or off for the current window.
/me {action text} Sends the specifed action to the active channel or query window.
/mode {#channel|nickname} [[+|-]modechars [parameters]] Sets channel or user modes.
/msg {nickname} {message} Send a private message to this user without opening a query window.
/names {#channel} Shows the nicks of all people on the given channel.
/nick {new nickname} Changes your nickname to whatever you like.
/notice {nick} {message} Send the specified notice message to the nick.
/notify [on|off|nickname] Toggles notifying you of a nick on IRC or sets it on or off totally.
/onotice [#channel] {message} Send the specified notice message to all channel ops.
/omsg [#channel] {message} Send the specified message to all ops on a channel.
/part {#channel} Makes you leave the specified channel.
/partall Makes you leave all channels you are on.
/ping {server address} Pings the given server. NOT a nickname.
/play [-c] {filename} [delay] Allows you to send text files to a window.
/pop {delay} [#channel] {nickname} Performs a randomly delayed +o on a not already opped nick.
/protect [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles protection of a nick or address or sets it on or off
totally.
/query {nickname} {message} Open a query window to this user and send them the private message.
/quit [reason] Disconnect you from IRC with the optional byebye message.
/raw {raw command} Sends any raw command you supply directly to the server. Use it with care!!
/remote [on|off] Shows the remote commands status or sets it to listening or not.
/rlevel {access level} Removes all users from the remote users list with the specified access
level.
/run {c:\path\program.exe} [parameters] Runs the specified program, evt. with parameters.
/ruser {nick[!]|address} [type] Removes the user from the remote users list.
/save {filename.ini} Saves remote sections into a specified INI file.
/say {text} Says whatever you want to the active window.
/server [server address [port] [password]] Reconnects to the previous server or a newly
specified one.
/sound [nickname|#channel] {filename.wav} {action text} Sends an action and a fitting sound.
/speak {text} Uses the external text to speech program Monologue to speak up the text.
/sreq [ask | auto | ignore] Sets your DCC 'On Send request' settings in DCC/Options.
/time Tells you the time on the server you use.
/timer[N] {repetitions} {interval in seconds} {command} [| {more commands}] Activates a timer.
/topic {#channel} {newtopic} Changes the topic for the specified channel.
/ulist [{|}]{level} Lists all users in the remote list with the specified access levels.
/url [-d] Opens the URL windows that allows you to surf the www parallel to IRC.
/uwho [nick] Pops up the user central with information about the specified user.
/who {#channel} Shows the nicks of all people on the given channel.
/who {*address.string*} Shows all people on IRC with a matching address.
/whois {nickname} Shows information about someone in the status window.
/whowas {nickname} Shows information about someone who -just- left IRC.
/wavplay {c:\path\sound.wav} Locally plays the specified wave file.
/write [-cidl] {filename} [text] To write the specified text to a .txt file.

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More Updated soon....

Installing Windows on an External Hard Drive

Be careful when installing windows to an external hard-disk, connecting your disk to an virus or worm infected PC may make it non-bootable, you can find the procedure in the following url.


1. Check that the size of the external hard drive meets the system requirements of the Windows operating system. Windows XP requires 1.5 gigabytes of free hard drive space. Windows Vista requires 20 gigabytes (for the Home Basic edition) or 50 gigabytes (for all other editions). The system requirements for older, outdated versions of the Windows operating system, such as Windows Me and Windows 98, can be found on the official Microsoft Windows Web site (link in the Resources section).


2. Connect the external hard drive to the computer with which you plan to use the hard drive. Use the hard drive's original cables included by the drive's manufacturer. It does not matter what connectivity standard you use. Windows will automatically detect the external hard drive.


3. Click the Start menu in the lower left-hand corner of the PC screen and select My Computer.


4. Right-click the icon for the external hard drive. Click Format from the pop-up menu. Format the external hard drive in the NTSF format.


5. Insert the original Windows installation disk into your computer's CD-ROM drive. Close the Installation Wizard when it appears on the screen.


6. Return to the My Computer window from Step 3. Write down the drive letters assigned to the CD-ROM drive and the drive of your external hard drive. For the sake of this article, we will use the example of D:\\ being the external hard drive and E:\\ being the CD-ROM drive. These are typically the letters assigned to CD-ROM and external drives in the Windows operating system.


7. Click the Start menu button and select Run.


8. Type "E:\I386\winnt32.exe /syspart:D: /tempdrive:D: /makelocalsource /noreboot" (without quotation marks) and click OK. This launches the Windows installer file on the Windows installation disk in drive E:\\ and commands it to install on the D:\\ drive (your external hard drive). The Windows Installer Wizard screen will appear.


9. Select the Full Install option in the Windows Installer Wizard. You will then be guided through the Windows installation disk. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the installation. Depending on the speed of your computer's processor, this may take several hours. Be prepared to enter important information, such as your Windows registration key to register your copy of the Windows operating system. Do not close the installation window until the installation process is complete.


10. Shut down the computer and disconnect the external hard drive. You can now use the external hard drive to boot up another computer using the installed copy of the Windows operating system.